Paramagnetism of Free Ions. Sign problem.

dimanche 1 septembre 2013

Energy of system of magnetic dipoles is

##E_H=-\mu_0 \vec{\mu}\cdot \vec{H}=-\mu_0\mu_zH##

why sign ''-''?

and ##\mu_z=-g_J\mu_Bm##

Again why ''-'' sign ?

##z## is choosen to be quantization direction, and along that direction is applied field ##H##.






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